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Camelid immunization is a critical step in nanobody (VHH) discovery, enabling the generation of diverse, high-affinity heavy-chain antibodies (HcAbs). A well-designed immunization strategy directly impacts the quality of downstream VHH libraries and the success of binder discovery.
We provide end-to-end camelid immunization services using alpacas, llamas, or camels. Our optimized immunization protocols, combined with flexible antigen formats and advanced monitoring methods, ensure robust immune responses and high-quality PBMC samples for nanobody discovery.
Our standard immunization program spans approximately 49 days, designed to achieve strong and sustained immune responses.
Four antigen injections at two-week intervals
Three blood collection timepoints for immune monitoring
PBMC collection for downstream library construction
This approach ensures efficient maturation of antigen-specific VHH responses and supports high-quality nanobody discovery.

Figure 1. Animal Immunization and Blood Collection
(a) Alpaca immunization procedure. (b) Blood collection from alpaca. (c) 49-day immunization timeline. Black arrows indicate injection days (Days 0, 14, 28, 42), and droplet icons represent blood collection (Days 0, 21, 35, 49). Day 0 serum is used as a negative control, while samples collected after immunization are used to measure immune response by titer testing.
We support a wide range of immunogen formats to address diverse target types:
Recombinant proteins
Peptides
Whole cells
Virus-like particles (VLPs)
LNP-mRNA
Adenoviral or other viral vector-based antigens
Flexible antigen formats enable successful immunization of challenging targets, including membrane proteins and poorly immunogenic molecules.

Our immunization workflows are fully customizable based on target characteristics and project goals.
| Immunization Species | Adjuvant Options |
| • Alpaca
• Llama • Camel |
• Freund's adjuvant
• Proprietary water-soluble adjuvants |
| Injection Routes | Strategy Optimization |
| • Subcutaneous
• Intramuscular • Nasal administration |
We optimize antigen format, dosing schedule, and delivery method to maximize immune response and nanobody diversity. |
We monitor immune responses throughout the immunization process to ensure successful antibody generation.
ELISA-based serum titer analysis
Flow cytometry (FACS) analysis
VHH-specific detection assays
These methods allow real-time evaluation of antibody development and optimization of immunization strategies.
| Deliverables (Included) | Optional Services |
| • Pre-immune serum • Immune serum samples • Isolated PBMCs for library construction • Serum titer and immune response data • Comprehensive project report |
• Immunogen design & production • Nanobody library construction and screening |
|
Package |
Service Step |
Deliverables |
Timeline |
|
Optional |
Immunogen preparation |
Prepared immunogen and QC report |
2–6 weeks |
|
Basic |
Animal immunization & monitoring |
Serum samples, PBMCs, project report |
~7 weeks |